What Is Mass Assignment?

Mass Assignment : A vulnerability that occurs when an application automatically binds HTTP request parameters to internal object properties without filtering which fields can be modified. Attackers exploit this by sending additional parameters (like role=admin or is_verified=true) that the application blindly assigns to the data model.

Why It Matters for AI-Coded Apps

AI code generators love mass assignment because it produces clean, concise code. When prompted to build CRUD operations, LLMs generate User.create(req.body) or user.update(**request.data) which blindly accepts all user-submitted fields, including privileged ones like role, permissions, or billing status.

Real-World Example

A registration endpoint uses User.create(req.body). The expected input is {name, email, password}. An attacker sends {name: 'Evil', email: 'evil@test.com', password: '123', role: 'admin', is_verified: true}. The database creates an admin account because all fields were bound without filtering.

How to Detect and Prevent It

Explicitly define which fields can be set by users (allowlist approach). Use DTOs or serializers that only accept permitted fields. In Rails, use strong_parameters. In Django, use serializer fields. In Express, destructure only expected fields: const {name, email, password} = req.body. Never pass raw request bodies to database operations.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between mass assignment and IDOR?

Mass assignment lets users modify fields they should not have access to on their own records (vertical privilege escalation). IDOR lets users access or modify other users’ records by manipulating identifiers (horizontal access). Both are access control failures but exploit different vectors.

Do ORMs prevent mass assignment?

ORMs can help if configured correctly. Mongoose has strict mode, Django REST Framework has serializer fields, and Rails has strong_parameters. However, AI-generated code often uses these ORMs in their most permissive configuration, bypassing built-in protections.

How do I test for mass assignment?

Send API requests with extra fields that should not be user-controllable: role, is_admin, permissions, balance, subscription_tier, is_verified. Check if the response or database reflects these unauthorized changes. Tools like Burp Suite can automate this by injecting additional parameters.

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